Climate change is posing an increasing threat to the health and wellbeing of children and young people in Australia and New Zealand, with rising exposure to heatwaves and widespread climate-related distress among young Australians, according to the annual MJA–Lancet Countdown Oceania report.
The 2026 report finds that exposure to heatwaves among infants and older adults in Australia and New Zealand has been more than 60% higher over the past decade than at the turn of the century due to climate change. The rising exposure is limiting the opportunities for safe outdoor activity, lowering participation and causing a greater likelihood of heat-related illness during physical activity.
A survey of 16,230 Australians aged 14-19 found that half reported feeling worried or sad about climate change and its impacts. Around one in seven young people surveyed said these feelings were negatively affecting their daily lives, highlighting the growing mental health burden associated with a changing climate.
“Climate change is the biggest health threat of our century, and children and young people are feeling the impacts, both physically and mentally. These findings show the emotional toll this crisis is already taking. We need stronger action to protect children’s health today and into the future,” said Macquarie University’s Professor Paul Beggs, lead author of the report and Environmental Health Scientist.
The report warns that, despite progress in some areas, Australia and New Zealand have a long way to go in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and adapting their health systems and communities to the growing impacts of climate change.
The consequences are also carrying a substantial economic burden. Heat-related mortality in Australia alone was associated with estimated costs averaging US$1.49 billion annually over 2021-2025, more than double the inflation-adjusted costs at the start of the century.
“Climate change is not just an environmental challenge; it is a growing public health and economic burden. Investing in climate mitigation and adaptation is crucial to protect people’s health, reduce future costs and deliver lasting benefits for generations to come.” Professor Beggs said.
The report identifies an important opportunity for Australia to put health at the centre of international climate action. As President of Negotiations for the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP31) in 2026, Australia has an opportunity to advocate for stronger global action that recognises the growing health consequences of climate change.
“2026 is a major moment for climate action, and Australia should use their position at the upcoming COP31 climate summit to demand and commit to stronger action to mitigate and adapt to climate change.”
The report is published today in the Medical Journal of Australia.